Multi-Drug Resistance Bacteria: A Case Study in Western Peninsular Malaysia Freshwaters

The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in aquatic environment has led to an increase waterborne health risks alarming extent. This study attempts investigate the population certain strains Peninsular Malaysia. From samples 14 rivers from 7 different states Malaysia, a total 203 isolates were successfully isolated. These are Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu with 35, 15, 37, 39, 24, 26 27 isolates, respectively. tested for their susceptibility towards 6 broad spectrum antibiotics which gentamicin, ampicillin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin. A 117 identified have more than 20% MAR index value 47 possess minimum 50%. Based on value, 59% high risk threats indicating serious Malaysia. Isolates 50% selected 16S rRNA gene sequencing further identification.Based 16s sequencing, mixture pathogenic commensals bacteria. also implies that especially can be reservoir genetic jugglery